Assel Sultanova

ABSTRACT OF PhD «Offspring productivity of meat type rams of Akzhaik meat-wool breed in West Kazakhstan region» Relevance of the topic. The main priorities of the development of animal husbandry in Kazakhstan are the full provision of domestic needs of the country in the production and realization of the industry export potential. Implementation of the Programme «Agrobusiness – 2020» requires the production of high quality and competitiveness of domestic products fully satisfying rational norms of consumption that meet modern requirements of healthy nutrition. The activities of Kazakhstan indigenous population for all periods of the state development was inextricably linked with the breeding of sheep. It is no coincidence - the sheep today are spread all over the world, and existing breeds adapted to local conditions. Sheep in six months, and more is able to independently find and use food, doing the minimum feeding. By the number of breeds and diversity of sheep production is superior to many other livestock industries. From the sheep receive not only wool and meat, but also high-value lambskin, sheepskin, milk and other products. In this regard, a special role becomes the improvement of the productive and breeding qualities of sheep bred in the Republic, the development and introduction of advanced technologies, systems and obtaining methods of sheep production. It is known that the improvement of existing and creation of new breeds, types, sheep lines associated with an increase in their productivity when well adapted to the pastoral conditions in the zonal and regional aspects, making it possible to produce cheap products of high quality. In modern conditions the efficiency and competitiveness of sheep breeding connected with more complete use of the meat productivity of animals. Specialization of sheep breeding to mutton production requires the presence of breeds, characterized by high meat productivity and precocity. This requirement fully meet Akzhaik sheep meat-wool breed, being bred in the West Kazakhstan region. Creating Akzhaik meat-wool breed put the purpose effectively use the vast rangelands of West Kazakhstan, to increase meat productivity and obtain high- quality semifine wool. Akzhaik meat-wool sheep breed created by complex reproductive crossing tsigay × prekos × coarsewooled ewes with rams of Lincoln and Romney Marsh of various origins. The live weight of elite adult sheep is 90-115 kg, ewes 55-60 kg, wool clip, respectively - 7-9 и 4,5-5,5 kg. Crossbred wool, by length 12-15 sm, fineness of 56-50 quality. Two farms for the breeding of pedigree Akzhaik meat-wool sheep were created and approved in the period 2011 - 2015: «West Kazakhstan agrarian- technical university named Zhangir Khan» and farm «Sabit» LTD. Currently, livestock of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep bred in the West Kazakhstan region is more than 50 thousand heads. Since the official recognition of the breed purposeful work was conducted in 1996 to establish a factory intrabreed meat type sheep, which was approved in 2013. Formed groups of animals, which differ by meat qualities, taking into account market requirements, adapted to the conditions of sharply continental climate. The most valuable biological features of sheep meat intrabreed type are high precocity and rational use of pastures and semi-arid zones in the different seasons of the year. Using the selection of the fittest and highly cost-effective inbreeding types of sheep in order to improve meat and wool qualities of animals in relation to specific conditions of managing represents both scientific and practical interest. In this aspect, offspring productivity assessment of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep of meat type in West Kazakhstan region determines the importance of scientific and practical significance of research that makes the relevance of this work. This research work was carried out within the framework of the budget program 212 «Improving the genetic potential of sheep (fine-wool, semi fine-wool and meat-greasy) and goats» by project «Breeding of new and improvement of existing phenotypes of semi fine-wool sheep in West Kazakhstan» Ministry of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (State registration № 0115РК02673). Object of research. The material of the research was Akzhaik purebred meat-wool sheep. The Group implemented the following selection options: in group 1 was used sheep-producers of intrabreed factory meat type, whose sperm are inseminated Akzhaik meat-wool non-meat type (non-linear) ewes, group 2 - Akzhaik meat- wool rams-producers and ewes of meat type. The 3rd group – rams-producers and ewes of non-meat type (non-linear). The object of the research was the young animals born from different selection options of akzhaik meat-wool sheep. During the research the growth and development have been identified, some exterior and interior indicators and indicators of meat and wool productivity. Scientific novelty. For the first time in West Kazakhstan region carried out comprehensive studies on the productivity of the young animals born from different selection options of akzhaik meat-wool sheep. Studied and obtained new data on fertility of ewes, offspring’s growth safety, biological indicators of offspring’s growth, his growth and development, meat and wool productivity, quality of wool. The efficiency of growing rams received from various selection options for different ages. Revealed feasibility of rams for meat in the birth year. Purpose of the study. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective options for selecting Akzhaik meat-wool sheep of meat type to improve the quality of meat and wool sheep. In accordance with the intended purpose the following tasks were: - the study of the original livestock productivity; - carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the reproductive capacity of the original population; - study and analysis of the lambs safety to weaning; - research of ewes milking; - the study of growth and development, exterior indicators of offspring’s growth; - assessment of live weight dynamics, slaughter rates, feeding and meat qualities of offspring’s; - definition of morphological carcass composition, chemical composition and energy value of meat; - carrying out a comprehensive assessment of wool productivity of sheep, taking into account the physico-mechanical properties of wool; - study of histomorphological and hematological parameters of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep; - definition of economic efficiency of sheep meat type at different variants of selection Akzhaik meat-wool sheep. Practical implications. Using Akzhaik meat-wool sheep intrabreed meat type in the selection of the desired type to the ewes increases the meat productivity of offspring, raising the profitability of production of lamb, preservation of high quality wool and shearing The investigations led to the following conclusions: 1. Akzhaik meat-wool sheep characterized by relatively high levels of meat and wool productivity. Live weight of interbreed meat type rams is 112 kg, non-meat type (non-linear) - 94.8 kg, ewes, respectively – 58,5, 55,8 kg. Shearing scoured wool of meat type rams is 5,0 kg, non-meat type (non-linear) – 4,7 kg, which exceeds the requirements for the elite of 0,9 and 0,6 kg or 21,95 and 14,63%, respectively. While shearing scoured wool of ewes was 2,5 kg, which is higher than the minimum requirements for I class at 0,3 kg or 13,64%. 2. The fertility of meat type ewes was 120,6%, exceeding the performance of I and III groups on 0,5 and 6,7%, respectively. Young’s survived to weaning was high of all groups averaged 97,34%. Ewes characterized by high levels of milk - 125,1- 130,0 kg milk, fat content 6.5-6.7%. 3. Young animals obtained by heterogeneous selection, characterized by high growth of energy in all age periods and surpassed by live weight of their non-meat type (non-linear) peers: at birth - rams 0,3 kg, young ewes – 0,1 kg, at weaning - by 1,4 and 0,6 kg, at 8 months – 1,7, 0,9 kg, respectively. But inferior to their peers on the meat type by 0,1 kg - at birth, 1,3 kg and 0,3 kg - at weaning, 1,5 and 0,5 kg - at 8 months, respectively. 4. Meat productivity of young animals: a) slaughter indicators aged 4,5 months rams group III resulting homogeneous selection non-meat type (non-linear) slaughter mass animals had lower than I and II groups rams derived from meat type rams by 4,3 to 2,4 kg . While young rams of II group superior to their peers from I group on pre-slaughter weight by 1,9 kg and carcass weight of carcass at the age of 4,5 months by 1,4 kg. At the age of 8 months, hot carcass weight from rams resulting homogeneous selection of akzhaik meat-wool sheep’s meat type was 21,3 kg and significantly superior to peers, obtained from non-meat type (non-linear) sheep by 16,4%, and the peers of I group by 8,1 %. Deadweight of II group rams was the 22,11 kg; it was by 2,76 kg higher than non-meat type (non-linear) peers. Rams of I group took an intermediate position – 20,9 kg. Slaughter yield from rams of II group amounted to 50,7% - by 1,5 and 2,6 percent absolute performance superior to the other two groups, respectively. b) morphological butchery of rams showed the superiority of animals from I and II groups - to overcome the flesh of 4,5 months of age they were superior to animals of non-meat type (non-linear) at 1,0 and 2,1 kg, and at 8 months of age – 1,28 and 2,56 kg respectively. Animals of II group, in turn, had a superiority of peers from I group by 2,1 and 1,28 kg or 10,6 and 8,4%. The flesh yield for all three groups at 8 months of age was high and ranged from 77,5 to 79,1% and the yield of bones and tendons – 20,9 - 22,5%. c) for the chemical composition of the meat of studied groups was common biological characteristic pattern: with increasing of age in carcasses accumulated more fat and reduced moisture content. The moisture content in the edible parts of the carcass decreases in meat type at 4,7%, non-meat type (non-linear)- at 6,39%, and in animals the resulting selection akzhaik meat-wool breeds meat type rams and non-meat-type (non-linear) type ewes- by 5,1%. The energy value of meat from rams of I group increased by 2,38 MJ of II group – 2,19 MJ and a III group – 2,59 MJ. According to the content of tryptophan in the meat of young animals of all groups in the 8 months of age exceeded the 4,5-month: in meat type rams on 0,024 g/100g, for non-meat type (non-linear)- g/100 0.05 g rams have received as a result of selection akzhaik meat-wool breeds meat type rams and non-meat type (non-linear)ewes – 0,013 g/100 g. Hydroxyproline in mutton reduced by an average of 0,008 g/100 g for all groups. 5. Bodyweight of ewes-yearlings from the second group, the resulting selection of akzhaik meat-wool breeds meat type animals was 41,3 kg, the first group -39,7 kg - it is by 7,3 and 3,1 % greater than the third group of peers, received from non-meat type (non-linear) animals. By shearing the wool best results are obtained from animals of III group – 2,01 kg with leaving pure fibers 59,0%. 6. Physical and mechanical qualities of wool of ewes-yearlings: a) ewes wool fineness of all three groups averaged 28,73 microns, and the biggest relative thinned zone in the lower staple had ewes from II group – 2,7 microns, which is superior to similar performance of the two remaining groups by 0,6 microns . b) the highest true length of wool was found in ewes from III group – 14,8 cm, it was by 1,3 and 1,0 cm higher than peers from I and II groups, respectively. Best crimp force had meat type ewes – 11,3%, against 9,0% and 10,1 in I and III groups. c) wool of ewes from III group had a tensile strength equal to 10,2 cN / tex, which is by 0,5 and 1,3 cN / tex stronger than that of the same age ewes from I and II groups, respectively. 7. It was found that the ewes-yearlings from all groups of greasy wool shearing positively correlated with body weight (τ = 0,39-0,44), fineness (τ = 0,32-0,41) and wool length (τ = 0,34-0,42). 8. Hematologic blood counts of akzhaik meat-wool sheep from all groups within the physiological norms: the content of red blood cells - from 8,38 to 9,12 1012 / L, white blood cells - from 7,61 to 8,18 109 / L, hemoglobin - 95,2-102,4 g/l. The structure of the morphological composition of the blood in meat type animals indicates a higher level of energy and protein metabolism, which is consistent with the best of their productivity and the adaptive plasticity for breeding in the conditions of the West Kazakhstan region. 9. The best economic results on the effectiveness of using akzhaik meat-wool sheep’s interbreed meat type obtained by the I and II groups of animals - with the option of a homogeneous selection akzhaik meat-wool sheep’s meat type manufactured products (meat + wool) in monetary terms at slaughter rams in 8- months of age – 27847,8 tenge; in selection option akzhaik meat-wool sheep meat type rams x akzhaik meat-wool non-meat type (non-linear)ewes – 26984,8 and non-meat type (non-linear) - 26383,95 tenge. Profits derived from animals of the second group was – 5040,5 tenge, the first – 4506,5 tenge, third – 4063,1 tenge margin of – 22,8; 20,4 and 20,1 percent respectively. The share of cash proceeds from the sale of mutton in total revenue averaged 98%. It should be noted that a group of animals derived from a diverse selection, occupies an intermediate position. Advices of concrete results using: 1. In order to increase the production of high-quality mutton and increase profitability of semifinal meat-wool sheep breeding in the West Kazakhstan region farms it is advisable to make more intensive use of akzhaik meat-wool sheep’s meat type producers, characterized by high meat productivity and precocity. 2. In order to obtain high quality mutton economically profitable to sell young rams for meat in the year of birth. Approbation of the work. The main provisions of dissertation work and research results were presented at the annual international scientific and scientific- theoretical conferences: «Innovative development of young scientists - the development of agro-industrial complex» FSSI All-Russian SRISG (Stavropol, 2016), «Modern problems of biotechnology: from laboratory research to production» within the III International Farabi readings, al-Farabi Kazakh National university (Almaty, 2016), «Topical issues of morphology and biotechnology in livestock», FSE I of HPE «Samara state agricultural academy» (Kinel, 2015), «The fundamental and applied science: the main results», CreateSpace (Saint Petersburg-North Charlston, 2015). By dissertation materials were published 9 works, including 3 - in the publications recommended by Russian Federation HAC, 2 - in editions included in the Scopus database of Elsevier, 4 – in collections of international conferences. In addition, Volume II of textbook «Production technology of livestock products» was published (ISBN 978-601-7543-87-7), an application for the issuance of the Republic of Kazakhstan at patent for the invention of the sheep maintenance process was submitted (Registration number 2015/1263.1 from 02.11.2015 year). The results of the research implemented in farms engaged in pedigree breeding of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep, The results of the research implemented in farms engaged in pedigree breeding of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep «WKАТU named Zhangir Khan», Taskala districts and farm «Sabit» LTD, Akzhaik districts of West Kazakhstan region.